Based　on　the　spontaneous　combustion　coal　gangue,　those　properties　were　studied　including　chemical　composition,　structure,　phases　and　character　by　X-ray　fluorescence　spectrometer(XRF),　thermogravimetry(TG)　and　differential　scanning　calorimetry(DSC),　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD)　analyzing　by　JADE,　electron　probe　microanalysis(EPMA)　and　energy　dispersive　spectrometer(EDS)　after　selecting,　crushing,　milling　and　sieving.　The　results　indicate　that　the　phase　of　coal　gangue　from　Tongchuan　after　spontaneous　combusting　are　α-quartz,　κ-Al2O3,　amorphous　SiO2,　and　amorphous　Al2O3,　mixing　some　calcite　and　dolomite;　The　temperature　of　spontaneous　combustion　is　in　the　range　of　600-700°C.　In　the　process　of　spontaneous　combustion,　the　amorphous　body　is　formed　more,　the　crystallization　rate　is　lower,　the　composition　of　elements　is　more　dispersive,　with　the　structure　of　spontaneous　combustion　coal　gangue　is　destroyed　worse,　the　activation　properties　are　higher.