©　2016,　Editorial　Board　of　Journal　of　Xi＇an　Jiaotong　University　(Medical　Sciences).　All　right　reserved.　Objective:　To　observe　the　antioxidant　effect　on　the　proliferation　of　acute　monocytic　leukemia　cells　by　establishing　its　reactive　oxygen　species　(ROS)　cell　model.　Methods:　U937　cell　treated　with　different　concentrations　of　hydrogen　peroxide　(H2O2)　was　used　to　establish　ROS　cell　model.　The　proliferative　cells　were　treated　with　various　concentrations　of　antioxidant　superoxide　dismutase　(SOD).　We　detected　cell　proliferation,　intracellular　content　of　ROS　and　mitochondrial　membrane　potential　changes.　Results:　(1)　Low　concentration　of　H2O2　(50　μmol/L)　stimulated　the　proliferation　of　U937　cells　while　high　concentration　of　H2O2　(500　μmol/L)　produced　a　toxic　effect　on　the　cells.　U937　cells　were　treated　with　50　μmol/L　of　H2O2　for　48　hours　to　establish　the　experimental　model.　(2)　U937　cells　contained　a　small　amount　of　ROS　and　apoptotic　cells;　after　50　μmol/L　H2O2　treatment,　the　content　of　intracellular　ROS,　the　mitochondrial　membrane　potential,　cell　proliferation　and　the　newly　synthesized　DNA　were　increased,　but　the　apoptosis　rate　declined.　After　treatment　with　various　concentrations　of　antioxidants　superoxide　dismutase　(SOD),　the　content　of　intracellular　ROS,　the　mitochondrial　membrane　potential　and　the　newly　synthesized　DNA　decreased,　and　cell　proliferation　slowed　down　while　the　apoptosis　rate　was　increased,　which　showed　a　dose-dependent　manner.　Conclusion:　Antioxidants　can　inhibit　the　proliferation　of　acute　monocytic　leukemia　cells　in　a　dose-dependent　manner.