©　2017,　Editorial　Board　of　Journal　of　Xi＇an　Jiaotong　University　(Medical　Sciences).　All　right　reserved.　Objective:　To　analyze　the　spatial　distribution　characteristics　of　birth　defects　and　air　pollution　in　Xi＇an　and　the　correlation　between　air　pollution　exposure　and　birth　defects.　Methods:　In　this　study,　we　calculated　the　mean　and　median　concentration　of　air　pollutants　in　Xi＇an　between　2010　and　2015　to　describe　their　concentration　trends.　Then　we　analyzed　quartile　range　to　describe　their　discrete　trend.　The　spatial　distribution　of　air　pollution　in　the　whole　study　area　was　calculated　by　inverse　distance　weighted　spatial　interpolation　method　to　describe　its　overall　occurrence　level.　The　global　trend　was　analyzed　to　describe　the　main　body　change　pattern　in　the　birth　defect　space.　The　total　number　of　birth　defects　in　the　districts　and　counties　of　Xi＇an　between　2010　and　2015　was　calculated　and　the　incidence　of　birth　defects　was　calculated　according　to　the　monitoring　data　of　live　births.　Correlation　between　birth　defects　and　air　pollution　was　analyzed　by　rank　correlation　analysis.　Results:　The　spatial　distribution　of　air　pollutants　in　Xi＇an　between　2010　and　2015　was　as　follows:　the　concentration　of　SO2　was　relatively　high　in　Lianhu　District,　Yanta　District,　Baqiao　District,　Beilin　District,　and　Xincheng　District.　The　concentration　of　NO2　was　relatively　high　in　Yanta　District,　Baqiao　District,　Lianhu　District,　Beilin　District,　and　Xincheng　District.　The　concentration　of　PM10　was　relatively　high　in　Baqiao　District,　Yanta　District,　Xincheng　District,　Weiyang　District,　and　Yanliang　District.　In　Baqiao　District,　Xincheng　District,　Lianhu　District,　Weiyang　District,　and　Gaoling　District,　the　concentration　of　PM2.5　was　relatively　high.　The　total　number　of　birth　defects　was　6　858　cases　in　Xi＇an　between　2010　and　2015,　and　the　total　number　of　perinatal　births　was　752　142　cases,　with　the　incidence　of　91.18　(1/10　000).　The　spatial　distribution　of　birth　defects　from　the　west　to　the　east　direction　and　from　south　to　north　direction　was　generally　characterized　of　inverted　U　type.　The　birth　defects　were　positively　correlated　with　NO2　concentration.　Conclusion:　There　are　obvious　regional　differences　in　air　pollution　and　birth　defects　in　Xi＇an.　Birth　defects　may　be　related　to　NO2.