Background:　Severe　acute　pancreatitis　(SAP)　can　result　in　intestinal　mucosal　barrier　(IMB)　dysfunction.　The　aim　of　this　study　is　to　demonstrate　the　protective　effect　of　resveratrol　(RES)　on　the　IMB　in　rats　with　SAP.　Material/Methods:　Fifty-four　male　Sprague-Dawley　(SD)　rats　were　randomly　divided　into　three　equal　groups:　a　sham-operated　group　(SO),　a　severe　acute　pancreatitis　group　(SAP),　and　a　resveratrol-treated　group　(RES),　each　group　containing　6　rats　which　were　evaluated　at　3,　6,　and　12　h.　Serum　endotoxin　levels　were　determined　by　turbidimetry.　The　apoptosis　rate　of　intestinal　mucosal　cells　was　detected　by　using　the　TUNEL　method　and　the　expressions　of　the　apoptosis-related　proteins　Bcl-2　and　Bax　were　observed　using　an　immunohistochemical　technique.　Results:　The　serum　endotoxin　levels　were　significantly　higher　in　the　SAP　group　than　in　the　SO　group　(P＜0.05).　The　endotoxin　levels　of　the　RES　group　were　lower　than　those　of　the　SAP　group　at　all　the　time-points　(P＜0.05).　In　the　SAP　group,　pancreatic　and　intestinal　mucosal　congestion,　edema,　and　inflammatory　cell　infiltration　were　apparent.　In　the　RES　group,　pancreatic　and　intestinal　morphological　changes　were　alleviated　at　all　time-points.　The　apoptotic　cell　index　of　the　mucosal　cells　in　the　RES　group　was　lower　than　that　of　the　SAP　group　(P＜0.05).　In　comparison　with　the　SAP　group,　the　RES　group＇s　expression　of　Bcl-2　increased　and　that　of　Bax　decreased　significantly　(P＜0.05).　Conclusions:　An　increase　in　intestinal　mucosal　cell　apoptosis　is　involved　in　the　intestinal　mucosal　dysfunction　of　SAP　rats.　Resveratrol　could　decrease　endotoxin　translocation　and　protect　IMB　function.