Well-designed　nano-hybrids　are　of　great　interests　in　the　field　of　electrode　materials　for　rechargeable　Li　ion　batteries,　because　they　promise　new　hope　to　solve　the　current　key　issues.　In　this　work,　Co3O4　and　Co　nanoparticles　were　loaded　onto　the　porous　N-doped　carbon　nanofibers　by　a　simple　and　scalable　electrospinning　route,　followed　by　multiple　calcinations.　XRD,　XPS,　SEM,　and　TEM　were　employed　to　investigate　the　chemical　composition　and　microstructure　of　the　obtained　products.　When　evaluated　as　an　anode　material,　the　as-prepared　Co3O4/Co/N-doped　porous　carbon　nanofibers　nanostructured　composites　offer　excellent　battery　performance　in　terms　of　relative　high　reversible　capacity,　long　cyclic　lifespan　and　rate　performances.　In　particularly,　the　reversible　capacities　could　remain　at　663　mAh/g　and　448　mAh/g　at　high　current　densities　of　500　mA/g　and　1000　mA/g　after　350　cycles,　respectively.　The　superior　lithium　storage　performance　is　ascribed　to　the　high　temperature　induced　metal　Co,　well-dispersed　Co3O4/Co　nanoparticles　and　the　N-doped　porous　carbon　nanofibers.　Furthermore,　this　strategy　of　designing　nano-hybrids　can　also　be　applied　to　other　transition　metal　oxides　as　anodes.