Pseudophakic　cystoid　macular　edema　(PCME)　is　one　of　the　most　common　complications　of　cataract　surgery.It　is　the　main　cause　of　postoperative　visual　loss.PCME　pathogenesis　is　unclear　yet,　inflammation　is　supposed　to　be　an　important　cause.Systemic　or　local　diseases,　and　complicated　surgical　operations　may　increase　the　risk　of　PCME.Diabetes　is　the　most　common　independent　risk　factor,　and　the　risk　of　PCME　is　closely　related　to　severity　of　preoperative　diabetes.Typical　clinical　symptoms　of　PCME　include　acute　vision　loss　after　surgery.In　PCME　eyes,　fundus　fluorescein　angiography　(FFA)　can　show　the　petal-like　spots　characteristically,　and　visual　disc　dot　staining　can　be　seen　later.Cystoid　macular　edema　(CME)　first　appears　in　the　inner　nuclear　layer　(INL)　and　gradually　develops　in　the　outer　plexiform　layer　(OPL).　Finally,　fluid　accumulates　in　the　subretinal　space.Besides,　optical　coherence　tomography　(OCT)　and　optical　coherence　tomography　angiography　(OCTA)　have　new　advances　in　differential　diagnosis　between　PCME　and　diabetic　macular　edema　(DME).　In　practice,　topical　non-steroid　anti-inflammatory　drugs　(NSAIDs)　or　glucocorticoids　are　generally　used　as　first-line　treatment　medicines.Anti-vascular　endothelial　growth　factor　(anti-VEGF)　also　attracts　attention　as　a　new　treatment.Individualized　prevention　and　treatment　is　required　for　specific　types　of　PCME.It　still　lacks　a　common　recognized　treatment　of　PCME,　and　long-term　efficacy　of　the　current　treatment　remains　to　be　observed　more　rigorous　and　comprehensive　experimental　programs　are　required.　Copyright　©　2019　by　the　Chinese　Medical　Association.