Lithium-sulfur　batteries　(LSBs)　have　been　exploited　as　advanced　energy　storage　systems　owing　to　their　high　theoretical　specific　capacity.　However,　the　shuttle　effect　from　lithium　polysulfides　(LiPSs)　and　the　sluggish　redox　kinetics　are　the　main　obstacles　hindering　LSBs＇　commercialization.　In　this　study,　an　efficient　host　material　to　adsorb　LiPSs　and　regulate　their　redox　conversion　was　designed.　Nano-rod　iron　hydroxide/electrochemical　exfoliated　graphene　(FeOOH/EG)　composites　were　synthesized　by　a　traditional　hydrothermal　method.　After　ball-milling　and　annealing　with　modified　sulfur,　the　FeOOH/EG-S　composite　presents　that　the　sulfur　particle　is　surrounded　by　FeOOH/EG　sheets.　As　evidenced　by　XPS　results,　the　FeOOH/EG　composite　provides　strong　chemical　bonding　towards　LiPSs　with　Fe-S,　Li-O　and　S-C　bonds.　Potentiostatic　discharging　tests　demonstrated　that　FeOOH/EG　promotes　the　precipitation　of　solid-state　Li2S.　First-principle　(DFT)　calculations　revealed　that　LiPSs　are　adsorbed　by　FeOOH　within　a　range　of　adsorption　energies　from-1.07　eV　to-5.7　eV,　indicating　that　FeOOH　has　favourable　affinity　towards　polysulfides.　Meanwhile,　the　low　diffusion　energy　barrier　(0.07　eV　and　0.11　eV)　enables　the　fast　diffusion　of　LiPSs　across　FeOOH,　enhancing　the　redox　reaction　kinetics　during　the　charge/discharge　process.　As　a　result,　the　prepared　FeOOH/EG-S　electrode　delivers　a　reversible　capacity　of　1323　mA　h　g-1　at　a　current　density　of　0.1C.　After　charging/discharging　for　500　cycles　at　a　current　density　of　2C,　the　FeOOH/EG-S　electrode　displays　a　capacity　of　733　mA　h　g-1,　which　shows　a　low　capacity　decay　rate　of　∼0.027%　per　cycle.　This　work　will　be　quite　inspiring　to　promote　the　commercialization　of　LSBs.　This　journal　is　©　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.