Municipal　sewage　sludge　is　a　significant　by-product　in　the　conventional　treatment　of　municipal　wastewater.　Its　output　has　greatly　increased　with　the　progress　of　urbanization　and　industrialization.　The　harmless　disposal　and　resource　utilization　of　municipal　sewage　sludge　has　become　an　urgent　problem　to　be　solved　in　the　environment　field.　Incineration　is　a　relatively　mature　technology　for　harmless　disposal　of　municipal　sewage　sludge　but　faces　pollutant　emission　and　high　cost　problems.　In　this　work,　the　latest　research　progress　on　municipal　sewage　sludge　incineration　and　its　pollutant　control　is　summarized　and　analyzed　systematically.　Sludge　co-combustion　in　municipal　solid　waste　incinerators,　coal-fired　power　plants　and　cement　kilns　does　not　require　new　sludge　incineration　equipments　and　flue　gas　treatment　equipments.　At　the　same　time,　co-combustion　is　also　more　environmentally　friendly　under　certain　circumstances.　Staged　air　combustion,　low　oxygen　dilution　combustion　and　other　methods　can　optimize　combustion　and　effectively　control　nitrogen　oxide　emission　during　sludge　combustion.　Ca-based　additives　have　significant　effect　on　sulfur　removal.　Cl-containing　compounds　affect　the　volatilization　of　heavy　metals　and　the　formation　of　polychlorinated　dibenzo-p-dioxins　and　polychlorinated　dibenzofurans.　©　2021　Elsevier　Ltd