Heat　exchangers　for　residual　heat　recovery　in　coal-fired　power　plants　face　the　issues　of　low　heat　transfer　efficiency　of　flue　gas　side　and　the　fly　ash　fouling.　However,　heat　transfer　enhancement　structures　always　increase　the　fouling　on　the　fin.　Efficient　methods　are　required　to　improve　both　heat　transfer　and　anti-fouling　performance　of　the　heat　exchanger.　In　present　study,　the　thermal-hydraulic　and　anti-fouling　performances　of　enhanced　double　H-type　finned　tubes　are　numerically　investigated　using　the　discrete　phase　model　coupled　with　particle　deposition　and　removal　model.　Five　types　of　double　H-type　finned　tubes　with　different　layouts　of　grooves　and　longitudinal　vortex　generators　(LVGs)　are　investigated　to　improve　both　thermal-hydraulic　and　anti-fouling　performance　of　fin.　The　effects　of　particle　diameter,　flue　gas　velocity　and　layout　of　enhanced　structures　are　discussed.　It　is　found　that　the　transverse　vortex　induced　by　grooves　can　lead　to　the　secondary　saltation　of　fly　ash　particles,　which　will　significantly　reduce　particle　deposition　on　fins.　However,　the　longitudinal　vortex　generated　by　LVGs　can　result　in　the　fly　ash　particles　with　saltation　mode　or　suspension　mode　colliding　with　fin　surface,　which　causes　more　particle　deposition　on　fins.　The　recommended　fin　with　three　pairs　of　grooves　and　one　pair　of　LVGs　can　enhance　heat　transfer　by　12.92–16.63%　with　21.75–30.72%　flow　resistance　penalty　and　reduce　the　fouling　rate　by　2.4–23.7%　for　particle　diameter　under　20　μm.　It　can　be　considered　as　a　promising　heat　transfer　component　for　heat　recovery　in　coal-fired　power　plants.　©　2021　Elsevier　Ltd