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Author：

He, Kailai (He, Kailai.) | Xu, Hongmei (Xu, Hongmei.) | Feng, Rong (Feng, Rong.) | Shen, Zhenxing (Shen, Zhenxing.) | Li, Yaqi (Li, Yaqi.) | Zhang, Yue (Zhang, Yue.) | Sun, Jian (Sun, Jian.) | Zhang, Qian (Zhang, Qian.) | Zhang, Tian (Zhang, Tian.) | Yang, Liu (Yang, Liu.) | Liu, Pingping (Liu, Pingping.) | Ho, Kin Fai (Ho, Kin Fai.) | Cao, Junji (Cao, Junji.)

Indexed by：

EI SCIE Engineering Village

Abstract：

Household　solid　fuel　combustion　for　heating　in　winter　is　a　substantial　source　of　air　pollution　in　rural　areas　of　northwest　China.　The　present　study　investigated　the　concentration　characteristics　and　health　risks　of　particulate　matter　(PM)　and　its　organic　compounds,　including　polycyclic　aromatic　hydrocarbons　(PAHs),　oxygenated　PAHs　(OPAHs),　and　phthalate　esters　(PAEs).　Indoor　air　and　housewives＇　personal　exposure　(PE)　samples　were　collected　in　Guanzhong　Basin,　among　rural　households　relying　on　various　solid　fuels　for　heating　in　winter.　Indoor　PM　primarily　comprised　fine　PM　(PM2.5,　76%),　and　its　organic　compounds　were　identified　in　particular　abundance　in　households　that　used　coal　as　the　only　domestic　fuel　(Group　C,　96%　in　PM2.5).　The　mean　concentration　of　PE　to　PM2.5　was　307　±　120　μg·m−3,　which　was　2.4-times　higher　than　the　indoor　concentration　(130　±　103　μg·m−3)　because　of　the　housewives＇　short-term　exposure　to　high-concentration　pollution　emitted　by　solid　fuel　combustion.　Organic　compounds　exhibited　the　same　pattern,　with　PE　samples　having　a　44%　higher　concentration　than　indoor　samples.　The　correlation　of　PM2.5-bound　organics　between　indoor　and　PE　samples　in　Group　C　(R2　=　0.9)　was　higher　than　that　in　the　group　using　coal　and　biomass　(Group　M,　R2　=　0.6),　indicating　the　stronger　correlation　of　single-fuel　heating　method.　The　PE/indoor　ratio　of　high　molecular　weight　(HMW)　PAHs　in　Group　C　(2.5)　was　higher　than　that　of　the　other　organic　compounds　(1.3)　because　HMW　PAHs　emitted　through　coal　combustion　had　a　larger　effect　on　PE.　This　further　led　to　higher　incremental　lifetime　cancer　risks　(ICLRs)　via　inhalation　pathway　among　housewives　in　Group　C　(2.4-　and　1.2-times　higher　risk　for　PAHs　and　PAEs,　respectively)　than　among　those　in　Group　M.　However,　inhalational　ILCR　values　of　Group　M　were　still　2.1–340-times　higher　than　the　international　safety　standard　(10−6).　Therefore,　the　upgradation　of　domestic　fuels　and　heating　ways　is　urgently　needed　in　rural　area　of　northwest　China　to　reduce　indoor　air　pollution　and　health　risks.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.

Keyword：

Briquetting Coal Coal combustion Esters Exposure controls Fuels Health risks Heating Indoor air pollution Particles (particulate matter) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Rural areas

Author Community：

  • [ 1 ] [He, Kailai]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 2 ] [Xu, Hongmei]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 3 ] [Xu, Hongmei]SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
  • [ 4 ] [Feng, Rong]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 5 ] [Shen, Zhenxing]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 6 ] [Li, Yaqi]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 7 ] [Zhang, Yue]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 8 ] [Sun, Jian]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 9 ] [Zhang, Qian]School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
  • [ 10 ] [Zhang, Tian]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 11 ] [Yang, Liu]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 12 ] [Liu, Pingping]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • [ 13 ] [Ho, Kin Fai]JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • [ 14 ] [Cao, Junji]SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China

Reprint Author's Address：

  • [Xu, Hongmei]Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China;;[Xu, Hongmei]SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China;;

Email：


xuhongmei@xjtu.edu.cn
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Source ：

Atmospheric Research

ISSN： 0169-8095

Year： 2021

Volume： 248

5 . 3 6 9

JCR@2020

ESI Discipline： GEOSCIENCES;

ESI HC Threshold：22

CAS Journal Grade：2

Cited Count：

WoS CC Cited Count： 14

SCOPUS Cited Count： 38

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List： 1 Unfold All

  • 2021-9

WanFang Cited Count：

Chinese Cited Count：

30 Days PV： 2

Affiliated Colleges：

能源与动力工程学院 环境科学与工程系

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