Background:　Gliomas　are　the　most　common　aggressive　brain　tumors　and　have　many　complex　pathological　types.　Previous　reports　have　discovered　that　genetic　mutations　are　associated　with　the　risk　of　glioma.　However,　it　is　unclear　whether　uniform　genetic　mutations　exist　difference　between　glioma　and　its　two　pathological　types　in　the　Han　Chinese　population.　Materials　and　methods:　We　evaluated　20　SNPs　of　703　glioma　cases　(338　astrocytoma　cases,　122　glioblastoma　cases)　and　635　controls　in　a　Han　Chinese　population　using.2　test　and　genetic　model　analysis.　Results:　In　three　case-control　studies,　we　found　rs9288516　in　XRCC5　gene　showed　a　decreased　risk　of　glioma　(OR,　0.85;　95%　CI,　0.73-0.99;　P　=　0.042)　and　glioblastoma　(OR,　0.70;　95%　CI,　0.52-0.92;　P　=　0.001)　in　the　allele　model.　We　identified　rs414805　in　RPA3　gene　showed　an　increased　risk　of　glioblastoma　in　allele　model　(OR,　1.38;　95%　CI,　1.00-1.89;　P　=　0.047)　and　dominant　model　(OR,　1.57;　95%　CI,　1.05-2.35;　P　=　0.027),　analysis　respectively.　Meanwhile,　rs2297440　in　RTEL1　gene　showed　an　increased　risk　of　glioma　(OR,　1.30;　95%　CI,　1.10-1.54;　P　=　0.002)　and　astrocytoma　(OR,　1.26;　95%　CI,　1.02-1.54;　P　=　0.029)　in　the　allele　model.　In　addition,　we　also　observed　a　haplotype　of　＂GCT＂　in　the　RTEL1　gene　with　an　increased　risk　of　astrocytoma　(P　=　0.005).　Conclusions:　Polymorphisms　in　the　XRCC5,　RPA3　and　RTEL1　genes,　combinating　with　previous　reaserches,　are　associated　with　glioma　developing.　However,　those　genes　mutations　may　play　different　roles　in　the　glioma,　astrocytoma　and　glioblastoma,　respectively.