Background:　Hypertension　has　become　a　global　health　challenge　given　its　high　prevalence　and　but　low　awareness　and　detection.　Whether　the　actual　prevalence　of　hypertension　has　been　estimated　is　important,　especially　for　the　poor.　This　study　aimed　to　measure　tested　prevalence　and　self-reported　prevalence　of　hypertension　and　compare　the　inequity　between　them　in　China.　Methods:　Data　were　derived　from　China　Health　and　Nutrition　Survey　(CHNS)　conducted　in　2011.　By　using　the　multistage,　stratified,　random　sampling　method,　12,168　respondents　aged　18　or　older　were　identified　for　analysis.　Both　tested　prevalence　(systolic　blood　pressure　＞=　140　mmHg　or/and　diastolic　blood　pressure　＞=　90　mmHg　or　/and　current　use　any　of　antihypertensive　medication)　and　self-reported　prevalence　(ever　diagnosed　with　hypertension　by　a　doctor)　were　used　to　measure　the　prevalence　of　hypertension.　The　concentration　index　was　employed　to　measure　the　extent　of　inequality　in　tested　prevalence　and　self-reported　prevalence.　A　decomposition　method,　based　on　a　Probit　model,　was　used　to　analyze　income-related　horizontal　inequity　of　tested　prevalence　and　self-reported　prevalence.　Results:　The　tested　prevalence　and　self-reported　prevalence　of　total　respondents　were　28.8%　[95%　CI　(28.0%,　29.6%)]　and　15.7%　[95%　CI　(15.0%,　16.3%)],　and　26.4%　[95%　CI　(25.1%,　27.6%)]　and　19.0%　[95%　CI　(17.9%,　20.1%)]　in　urban　areas,　and　30.3%　[95%　CI　(29.3%,　31.4%)]　and　13.5%　[95%　CI　(12.7%,　14.3%)]　in　rural　areas.　The　horizontal　inequity　indexes　of　mean　tested　prevalence　and　self-reported　prevalence　were　-　0.0494　and　0.1203　of　total　respondents,　-　0.0736　and　0.　0748　in　urban　area,　and　-　0.0177　and　0.0466　in　rural　area　respectively,　indicating　pro-poor　inequity　in　tested　prevalence　and　pro-rich　inequity　in　self-reported　prevalence　of　hypertension.　Economic　status,　education　attainment　and　age　were　key　factors　of　the　pro-poor　inequity　in　tested　prevalence.　Economic　status,　area　and　age　were　key　factors　to　explain　the　poor-rich　inequity　in　self-reported　prevalence.　Conclusions:　This　study　revealed　self-reported　prevalence　of　hypertension　was　much　lower　than　tested　prevalence　in　China,　while　a　larger　gap　between　self-reported　and　tested　prevalence　was　found　in　rural　areas.　Our　study　suggested　social　strategies　aiming　at　narrowing　economic　gap　and　regional　disparities,　reducing　educational　inequity,　and　facilitating　health　conditions　of　the　elderly　should　be　implemented.　Finally,　awareness　raising　campaigns　to　test　hypertension　in　rural　area　need　be　strengthened　by　health　education　programs　and　improving　the　access　to　public　health　service,　especially　for　those　who　do　not　engage　with　regular　health　checkups.