Objective:　To　investigate　the　association　between　different　smoking　statuses　and　survival　and　emphysema　in　patients　with　acute　exacerbation　of　chronic　obstructive　pulmonary　disease　(AECOPD).　Methods:　This　retrospective　study　included　patients　admitted　from　October　2014　to　September　2017.　Demographic,　clinical,　laboratory,　imaging,　impulse　oscillometry,　and　traditional　pulmonary　function　data　were　collected.　The　relationship　between　smoking　and　EI　was　analyzed　via　binary　logistic　regression　after　adjusting　for　other　factors.　Survival　was　analyzed　using　the　Kaplan-Meier　method　and　the　log　rank　test.　Results:　The　patients　with　AECOPD　(357　cases)　were　identified　(and　stratified　into　three　groups:　never　smoked　(NS;　n=83),　former　smokers　(FS,　n=118),　and　current　smokers　(CS;　n=156).　Compared　with　CS,　NS　were　older　and　predominantly　female.　No　differences　were　observed　in　respiratory　symptoms　and　acute　exacerbation　between　CS　and　NS.　NS　had　higher　resistance　and　reaction　in　the　central　and　peripheral　airways,　while　CS　exhibited　more　severe　diffuse　dysfunction.　CS　demonstrated　more　severe　and　extensive　emphysema.　Smoking　was　an　independent　risk　factor　for　emphysema　after　adjusting　for　age,　forced　expiratory　volume　in　the　first　second　over　predicted　value,　BMI,　leukocyte　count,　and　carbon　monoxide　transfer　coefficient.　No　difference　in　5-year　survival　rates　between　NS　and　CS　was　established.　Conclusion:　CS　has　the　worst　pulmonary　function,　suggesting　a　more　important　destruction　of　the　lung　parenchyma,　while　AECOPD　without　smoking　risk　factors　mostly　affects　the　airways.　Impulse　oscillometry　can　be　used　for　imaging　airway-dominant　AECOPD.　There　was　no　difference　in　the　5-year　survival　rate.