A　new　aluminum-fueled　energy　storage　system　based　on　aluminum-air　combustion　is　proposed.　A　thermodynamic　evaluation　model　is　established　using　Aspen　plus,　and　comprehensive　assessments　of　the　system　are　conducted,　including　thermodynamic　performance　and　detailed　comparations　with　hydrogen　and　ammonia　energy　storage　systems　and　coal-fired　power　plants.　In　addition,　the　carbon　emission　analysis　and　future　challenges　of　the　proposed　system　are　analyzed.　The　proposed　aluminum-fueled　energy　storage　system　has　a　higher　roundtrip　efficiency　than　the　other　two　energy　storage　systems　based　on　hydrogen　and　ammonia.　The　cost　of　electricity　of　the　aluminum-fueled　energy　storage　power　generation　system　is　comparable　to　that　of　coal-fired　power　plant.　Reducing　the　fuel　loss　ratio　and　lowering　the　price　of　discarded　renewable　electricity　are　effective　ways　to　decreasing　the　cost　of　electricity　of　aluminum-fueled　energy　storage　power　system.　Compared　to　an　oxy-fuel　combustion　CO2　capture　and　storage　technique,　the　proposed　aluminum-fueled　energy　storage　system　is　feasible　and　economically　advantageous.　©　2022