To　reduce　fossil–fuel　consumption　and　improve　the　efficiency　of　renewable　energy　usage　in　the　manufacturing　industry,　several　studies　have　investigated　the　environmental　and　economic　impacts　of　integrated　energy　systems　under　various　optimization　scenarios.　To　analyze　the　cost–effectiveness　of　heat　supply　scenarios　for　a　typical　manufacturing　industry　using　the　photovoltaic　(PV)　technology　and　municipal　solid　waste　incineration,　herein,　a　metal–assembly　paint　factory　was　selected　as　the　research　target.　The　CO2　emission　and　energy–consumption　cost　of　a　paint　factory　in　24　h　are　estimated　as　31,229　kg　and　12,314　CNY,　respectively.　Solar–to–Energy　(StE(a–d))　and　Waste–to–Energy　(WtE)　correspond　to　the　nonenergy–storage,　heat–storage,　PV　power–storage,　PV　technology＇s　green　power–procurement,　and　waste–incineration　district　heating　scenarios,　respectively.　The　results　show　that　(1)　under　the　nonenergy　storage　(StE(a))　scenario,　the　emissions　of　the　paint　factory　can　be　reduced　by　288　kg/24　h;　however,　the　operation　cost　is　increased　by　1142　CNY/24　h　(2)　StE(b)　has　a　better　economic　performance　(cost　reduction　by　2472　CNY/24　h)　than　StE(c)　(cost　increased　by　1546　CNY/24　h).　Additionally,　the　reduction　in　the　CO2　emissions　in　StE(b)　(12,057　kg/24　h)　is　considerably　higher　than　that　of　StE(c)　(7644　kg/24　h).　(3)　In　the　case　of　sufficient　energy　supply,　StE(d)　(24,361　kg/24　h)　reduces　CO2　emissions　more　effectively,　followed　by　WtE　(CO2–emission　reduction　=　17,994　kg/24　h),　than　the　other　scenarios　(for　a　paint　factory).　However,　from　the　perspective　of　cost　reduction,　WtE　showed　to　have　a　more　outstanding　performance　(cost　reduction　1428　CNY/24　h).　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd