Previous　studies　have　indicated　regional　abnormalities　of　both　gray　and　white　matter　in　amblyopia.　However,　alterations　of　cortical　thickness　associated　with　changes　in　white　matter　integrity　have　rarely　been　reported.　In　this　study,　structural　magnetic　resonance　imaging　and　diffusion　tensor　imaging　(DTI)　data　were　obtained　from　15　children　with　anisometropic　amblyopia　and　15　age-　and　gender-matched　children　with　normal　sight.　Combining　DTI　and　surface-based　morphometry,　we　examined　a　potential　linkage　between　disrupted　white　matter　integrity　and　altered　cortical　thickness.　The　fractional　anisotropy　(FA)　values　in　the　optic　radiations　(ORs)　of　children　with　anisometropic　amblyopia　were　lower　than　in　controls　(P　＜　0.05).　The　cortical　thickness　in　amblyopic　children　was　lower　than　controls　in　the　following　subregions:　lingual　cortex,　lateral　occipitotemporal　gyrus,　cuneus,　occipital　lobe,　inferior　parietal　lobe,　and　temporal　lobe　(P　＜　0.05,　corrected),　but　was　higher　in　the　calcarine　gyrus　(P　＜　0.05,　corrected).　Node-by-node　correlation　analysis　of　changes　in　cortical　thickness　revealed　a　significant　association　between　a　lower　FA　value　in　the　OR　and　diminished　cortical　thickness　in　the　following　subregions:　medial　lingual　cortex,　lateral　occipitotemporal　gyrus,　lateral,　superior,　and　medial　occipital　cortex,　and　lunate　cortex.　We　also　found　a　relationship　between　changes　of　cortical　thickness　and　white　matter　OR　integrity　in　amblyopia.　These　findings　indicate　that　developmental　changes　occur　simultaneously　in　the　OR　and　visual　cortex　in　amblyopia,　and　provide　key　information　on　complex　damage　of　brain　networks　in　anisometropic　amblyopia.　Our　results　also　support　the　hypothesis　that　the　pathogenesis　of　anisometropic　amblyopia　is　neurodevelopmental.