Under　the　strategic　background　of　carbon　peaking　and　carbon　neutrality,　the　energy　system　needs　to　transition　from　primarily　fossil　energy　utilization　to　diversified　energy　sources　balancing　green,　renewable　and　fossil　fuels,　and　to　achieve　zero　carbon　emission.　Meanwhile,　combustion　will　still　play　an　important　role　in　energy　storage,　carbon　dioxide　utilization,　manufacturing,　aerospace　and　other　fields,　and　the　study　of　combustion　reaction　kinetics　will　allow　cleaner　and　more　efficient　combustion.　This　review　overviews　the　state-of-the-art　and　challenges　of　combustion　reaction　kinetics　research　on　potential　new　fuels　under　the　background　of　carbon　neutrality,　including　zero　carbon　fuels　(ammonia,　hydrogen,　metal,　etc.),　synthetic　hydrocarbon　fuels,　and　biofuels,　and　foresees　the　research　directions　to　be　explored　in　the　future.　This　review　is　expected　to　provide　theoretical　foundations　for　the　development　and　efficient,　clean　utilization　of　carbon　neutral　energy　system.　©　2022,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.