The　oxy-fuel　combustion　allows　the　large-scale　CO2　capture　from　coal-fired　power　plant,　which　is　an　effective　approach　to　reduce　CO2　emission　and　achieve　carbon　neutrality.　The　ultra-low　volatile　carbon-based　fuels　(LVFs,　mainly　including　gasification　residual　carbon　and　pyrolyzed　semi-coke)　generated　from　the　coal　chemical　industry　cannot　be　directly　disposed　effectively,　but　co-firing　with　other　fuels　(bituminous　coal　for　example)　is　a　potential　option.　However,　many　nitrogen　oxides　(NOx)　are　possibly　generated　with　the　absence　of　combustion　stability.　Here,　the　present　study　aimed　at　co-combusting　LVFs　with　bituminous　coal　under　oxy-fuel　condition　to　take　advantages　of　oxy-fuel　technology　to　deeply　reduce　NOx　and　realize　large-scale　CO2　capture.　The　effects　of　atmosphere　and　fuel　property　on　co-combustion　performances　were　numerically　investigated.　The　simulation　results　of　co-combustion　demonstrate　that　the　NOx　emission　increases　as　the　mass　fraction　of　bituminous　coal　falls.　The　effects　of　oxidizing　gas　distribution　method　on　the　co-combustion　characteristics　are　highly　related　to　the　properties　of　co-firing　fuels.　The　premixed　combustion　for　bituminous　coal/semi-coke　co-combustion　and　in-furnace　blending　(residual　carbon　injected　from　the　E　layer)　for　bituminous　coal/residual　carbon　co-combustion　could　yield　less　NOx.　It　is　recommended　that　the　oxy-fuel　O2　concentration　could　be　kept　between　27%　and　30%　considering　the　balance　between　NOx　generation　and　combustion　behavior.　The　50%　bituminous　coal/50%　semi-coke　co-combustion　is　applicable　to　co-fire　using　premixed　combustion　and　appropriate　reduction　of　secondary　oxidizing　gas　flow　in　the　semi-coke　layers.　The　present　research　will　contribute　to　a　further　understanding　of　the　efficient　and　environmentally-friendly　utilization　of　LVFs,　as　well　as　better　knowledge　of　CO2　capture　and　carbon　neutrality　during　electricity　generation.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd