1D　branched　TiO2　nanomaterials　play　a　significant　role　in　efficient　photocatalysis　and　high-performance　lithium　ion　batteries.　In　contrast　to　the　typical　methods　which　generally　have　to　employ　epitaxial　growth,　the　direct　in　situ　growth　of　hierarchically　branched　TiO2　nanofibers　by　a　combination　of　the　electrospinning　technique　and　the　alkali-hydrothermal　process　is　presented　in　this　work.　Such　the　branched　nanofibers　exhibit　improvement　in　terms　of　photocatalytic　hydrogen　evolution　(0.41　mmol　g(-1)　h(-1)),　in　comparison　to　the　conventional　TiO2　nanofibers　(0.11　mmol　g(-1)　h(-1))　and　P25　(0.082　mmol　g(-1)　h(-1)).　Furthermore,　these　nanofibers　also　deliver　higher　lithium　specific　capacity　at　different　current　densities,　and　the　specific　capacity　at　the　rate　of　2　C　is　as　high　as　201.　0　mAh　g(-1),　roughly　two　times　higher　than　that　of　the　pristine　TiO2　nanofibers.