The　aim　of　this　study　is　to　employ　tract-based　spatial　statistics　(TBSS)　to　analyze　the　voxel-wise　differences　in　DTI　parameters　between　normal　and　mild　hypoxic-ischemic　(HI)　neonatal　brains.　Forty-one　full　term　neonates　(24　normal　controls　and　17　with　mild　HI　injury)　and　31　preterm　neonates　(20　normal　controls　and　11　with　mild　HI　injury)　underwent　T1　weighted　imaging,　T2　weighted　imaging　and　diffusion　tensor　imaging　(DTI)　within　28　days　after　birth.　The　voxel　differences　of　fractional　anisotropy　(FA),　lambda　1,　lambda　2,　and　lambda　3　values　between　mild　HI　group　and　control　group　were　analyzed　in　preterm　and　full　term　neonates　respectively.　The　significantly　decreased　FA　with　increased　lambda　2,　lambda　3　in　corticospinal　tract,　genu　of　corpus　callosum　(GCC),　external　capsule　(EC)　and　splenium　of　the　corpus　callosum　(SCC)　in　mild　HI　neonates　suggested　deficits　or　delays　in　both　myelination　and　premyelination.　Such　impaired　corticospinal　tract,　in　both　preterm　and　term　neonates,　may　directly　lead　to　the　subsequent　poor　motor　performance.　Impaired　EC　and　SCC,　the　additional　injured　sites　observed　in　full　term　neonates　with　mild　HI　injury,　may　be　causally　responsible　for　the　dysfunction　in　coordination　and　integration.　In　conclusion,　TBSS　provides　an　objective,　independent　and　sensitive　method　for　DTI　data　analysis　of　neonatal　white　matter　alterations　after　mild　HI　injury.