The　ball-milled　Fe-Si　alloy　was　used　as　feedtock　for　deposition　of　nanocrystalline　Fe-Si　by　cold　spraying　process.　The　microstructure　of　the　as-sprayed　nanostructured　Fe-Si　was　characterized　by　using　optical　microscopy,　scanning　electron　microscopy　and　transmission　electron　microscopy.　The　grain　sizes　of　the　feedstock　and　as-sprayed　deposit　were　estimated　based　on　X-ray　diffraction　analysis.　The　microhardness　and　coercivity　of　the　deposited　Fe-Si　alloy　were　characterized.　The　results　showed　that　the　as-sprayed　deposit　presented　a　dense　microstructure.　The　mean　grain　size　of　the　as-deposited　Fe-Siwas　several　tens　nanometers　and　comparable　to　that　of　the　corresponding　milled　feedstock.　The　temperature　of　driving　gas　presented　little　effect　on　the　microstructure　of　cold-sprayed　nanostructured　Fe-Si　deposit.　The　mechanical　alloying　induced　oxygen　contents　up　to　8　wt%　in　the　feedstocks　and　subsequent　deposits.　The　microhardness　of　the　deposit　reached　about　400　Hv.　The　deposit　achieved　a　high　coercivity　up　to　190　kA/m　indicating　the　potential　possibility　for　applications　to　recording　materials.　(C)　2009　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.