Direct　self-injurious　behavior　(DSIB)　has　become　an　important　focus　due　to　its　perniciousness　and　perplexity.　Little　is　known　about　its　prevalence　and　correlative　factors　in　Chinese　adolescents,　including　how　data　may　differ　according　to　gender.　A　multicenter,　multistage　stratified　cluster　random　sampling　was　used　to　examine　the　previous　12-month　prevalence　of　DSIB,　as　well　as　the　possible　correlates　of　demographics,　risky　behaviors,　suicidality,　and　psychosocial　factors　associated　with　DSIB　in　a　school-based　sample　of　11,880　students　(49.5　%　boys　and　50.5　%　girls).　Approximately　30　%　of　the　adolescents　in　the　sample　reported　at　least　one　incident　of　DSIB　in　the　past　12-month　period.　After　controlling　for　demographic　variables,　analyses　of　the　independent　relationships　of　DSIB　with　risky　behaviors,　suicidality,　and　psychosocial　factors　were　conducted　for　each　gender.　Smoking,　binge　drinking,　running　away　from　home,　suicide　ideation,　suicide　plans,　positive　affect,　and　physical　symptoms　were　identified　as　common　factors　associated　with　DSIB　for　both　genders　in　the　final　model.　In　addition,　truancy,　fighting,　physical　inactivity,　motor　impulsiveness,　and　depressed　affect　were　found　to　be　related　to　DSIB　in　boys,　whereas　suicide　attempts　and　somatic　complaints　were　found　to　be　related　to　DSIB　in　girls.　Separation　anxiety　and　social　anxiety　associated　negatively　with　DSIB　in　boys　and　girls,　respectively.　DSIB　was　not　found　to　independently　relate　to　attention　impulsiveness,　non-planned　impulsiveness,　self-esteem,　or　harm　avoidance　in　either　genders.　DSIB　was　prevalent　in　Chinese　adolescents.　Programs　intended　to　promote　physical　and　mental　health　in　adolescents　should　take　into　account　gender　differences　in　DSIB-associated　factors,　including　risky　behaviors,　suicidality,　and　psychosocial　factors.