Sulfate-reducing　bacteria　(SRB)　can　lead　to　severe　environmental　and　industrial　problems,　especially　in　the　oil　and　gas　industry,　because　of　they　produce　corrosive,　reactive,　and　toxic　sulfide.　In　this　paper,　dielectric　barrier　discharge　(DBD)　plasma　was　used　to　inactivate　Desulfovibrio　(D.　bastinii,　a　common　SRB)　in　liquid.　The　influences　of　different　parameters　including　discharge　gases　(e.　g.,　oxygen,　air,　nitrogen,　and　argon),　change　of　pH　value　and　temperature,　the　produced　hydrogen　peroxide　and　ozone,　on　the　inactivation　were　investigated　in　details.　Our　experimental　results　showed　that　the　germicidal　efficiency　(GE)　of　oxygen　plasma　was　superior　to　those　from　others　gases　such　as　air,　nitrogen,　and　argon.　With　oxygen　as　the　discharge　gas,　almost　100%　SRB　were　killed　in　less　than　4-min　plasma　exposure.　The　GE　reached　to　6.20,　6.01,　and　2.82　after　the　same　exposure　period　under　air,　nitrogen,　and　argon　discharging,　respectively.　It　was　found　that　plasma　reactive　species　including　hydroxyl　radical,　oxygen　radicals,　N　atom,　NO,　and　NO2　had　profound　effects　on　plasma　inactivation　of　SRB　by　reacting　with　various　macromolecules　in　only　minutes　such　as　cellular　envelope　and　even　the　intracellular　organization　of　SRB.　Leakage　of　intracellular　proteins,　nucleic　acid,　the　production　of　malondialdehyde,　and　damages　to　the　cell　microstructure　structure　of　SRB　after　plasma　treatment　were　observed　to　prove　the　inactivation　mechanisms.　These　results　showed　that　the　DBD　plasma　is　an　efficient　way　in　the　inactivation　of　SRB　in　liquid.　On　the　other　hand,　the　change　of　pH　value　and　temperature,　produced　hydrogen　peroxide　or　ozone　themselves　played　far　less　roles　in　plasma　inactivation　of　SRB.　In　addition,　the　pulsed　electric　field　and　ultraviolet　photons　also　made　a　little　contribution　to　SRB　inactivation.