Depression　and　cognitive　control　deficits　were　frequently　reported　in　concurrent　end-stage　renal　disease　(ESRD)　patients.　Neuroimaging　studies　indicated　depression　could　be　a　risk　factor　for　cognitive　control　deficits,　and　amygdala-related　circuitry　may　play　a　critical　role　in　this　abnormal　interaction.　To　investigate　the　potential　relationship　between　depressive　symptoms　and　cognitive　control　reduction　in　ESRD　patients,　T1-weighted　and　resting　fMRI　images　were　obtained　in　29　ESRD　patients　and　29　healthy　controls.　Voxel-based　morphometry　(VBM),　structural　covariance　(SC)　analysis　based　on　grey　matter　volume　(GMV),　and　functional　connectivity　(FC)　analysis　were　adopted.　All　subjects　performed　the　Beck　Depression　Inventory　(BDI)　assessment　and　Stroop　test.　The　patients　also　underwent　blood　biochemistry　tests　(urea,　creatinine,　phosphate,　Ca2(+),　hematocrit,　cystatin,　hemoglobin).　Compared　with　controls,　GMV　reductions　were　found　mainly　in　the　anterior　cingulate　cortex　(ACC)　and　bilateral　amygdala,　and　decreased　SC　was　found　between　the　amygdala　and　ACC　in　ESRD　patients.　This　indicated　that　structural　changes　in　the　amygdala　may　be　related　to　the　GMV　alterations　in　the　ACC.　Additionally,　decreased　FC　between　the　amygdala　and　ACC　was　revealed　in　ESRD　patients.　Negative　correlation　was　found　between　the　FC　of　the　amygdala-ACC　and　reaction　delay　during　the　Stroop　test,　but　this　correlation　disappeared　after　controlling　BDI.　Stepwise　regression　analysis　showed　that　the　low　level　of　hemoglobin　was　contributed　to　the　reduced　FC　of　the　amygdala-ACC　in　ESRD　patients.　Our　results　demonstrated　the　abnormal　interaction　between　depressive　mood　and　cognitive　control　deficits　in　ESRD　patients.