New　therapeutic　strategies　are　needed　for　colorectal　cancer　(CRC)　treatment.　MicroRNAs　are　involved　in　cancer-pertinent　cellular　processes,　including　chemoresistance.　As　miR-302a　is　an　embryonic　stem　cell-specific　microRNA,　studies　on　miR-302a　have　focused　on　its　role　in　human　stem　cells.　Studies　analyzing　miR-302　function　in　cancer　are　limited.　In　this　study,　we　used　two　human　colon　cancer　cell　lines,　HCT116　and　HT29,　and　evaluated　the　influence　of　miR-302a　on　5-fluorouracil　(5-FU)-induced　cell　death　and　viability　inhibition.　With　bioinformatics　tools,　we　hypothesized　that　insulin-like　growth　factor-1　receptor　(IGF-1R)　is　a　novel　target　of　miR-302a,　which　we　confirmed　using　a　luciferase　reporter　assay　and　immunoblotting.　Then,　we　designed　siRNA　against　IGF-1R　and　found　that　si-IGF-1R　resembled　the　effect　of　miR-302a　on　5-FU　treatment.　Both　miR-302a　and　si-IGF-1R　inhibited　Akt　signaling.　In　conclusion,　miR-302a　targeted　IGF-1R　and　enhanced　5-FU-induced　cell　death　and　viability　inhibition　in　human　colon　cancer　cells.　Targeting　miR-302a　may　offer　new　therapeutic　interventions　in　CRC.