Background:　The　purpose　of　this　study　was　to　compare　the　efficacy　of　percutaneous　kyphoplasty　(PKP)　and　bone　cementaugmented　short　segmental　fixation　(BCA+SSF)　for　treating　Kummell　disease.　Material/Methods:　Between　June　2013　and　December　2015,　60　patients　were　treated　with　PKP　or　BCA+SSF.　All　patients　were　followed　up　for　12-36　months.　We　retrospectively　reviewed　outcomes,　including　Oswestry　Disability　Index　(ODI),　visual　analogue　scale　(VAS),　and　kyphotic　Cobb　angle.　Results:　VAS,　ODI,　and　Cobb　angle,　measured　postoperatively　and　at　the　final　follow-up,　were　lower　than　those　measured　preoperatively　in　both　groups　(P＜0.05).　VAS,　ODI,　and　Cobb　angle　measured　postoperatively　demonstrated　no　significant　differences　when　compared　with　those　measured　at　the　final　follow-up　in　the　PKP　group　(P＞0.05).　In　the　BCA+SSF　group,　VAS　and　ODI　at　the　final　follow-up　were　lower　than　those　measured　postoperatively　(P＜0.05),　but　no　significant　difference　was　found　in　the　Cobb　angle　(P＞0.05).　The　PKP　group　had　better　VAS　and　ODI　than　the　BCA+SSF　group,　postoperatively　(P＜0.05).　No　significant　difference　was　found　in　VAS　and　ODI　at　the　final　follow-up　(P＞0.05)　or　the　Cobb　angle　measured　postoperatively　and　at　the　final　follow-up　(P＞0.05)　between　the　2　groups.　Operative　time,　blood　loss,　and　hospital　stay　in　the　PKP　group　were　lower　than　those　in　the　BCA+SSF　group　(P＜0.05).　No　significant　difference　was　found　in　complications　(P＞0.05).　Conclusions:　PKP　patients　had　better　early　clinical　outcomes,　shorter　operation　times　and　hospital　admission　times,　and　decreased　blood　loss,　but　had　similar　complications,　radiographic　results,　and　long-term　clinical　outcomes　compared　with　BCA+SSF　patients.