People　experience　the　feeling　of　the　missing　body　part　long　after　it　has　been　removed　after　amputation　are　known　as　phantom　limb　sensations.　These　sensations　can　be　painful,　sometimes　becoming　chronic　and　lasting　for　several　years　(or　called　phantom　pain).　Medical　treatment　for　these　individuals　is　limited.　Recent　neurobiological　investigations　of　brain　plasticity　after　amputation　have　revealed　new　insights　into　the　changes　in　the　brain　that　may　cause　phantom　limb　sensations　and　phantom　pain.　In　this　article,　I　review　recent　progresses　of　the　cortical　plasticity　in　the　anterior　cingulate　cortex　(ACC),　a　critical　cortical　area　for　pain　sensation,　and　explore　how　they　are　related　to　abnormal　sensory　sensations　such　as　phantom　pain.　An　understanding　of　these　alterations　may　guide　future　research　into　medical　treatment　for　these　disorders.