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学者姓名：万明习
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Abstract ：
BackgroundPassive acoustic mapping (PAM) is showing increasing application potential in monitoring ultrasound therapy by spatially resolving cavitation activity. PAM with the relative time-of-flight information leads to poor axial resolution when implemented with ultrasound diagnostic transducers. Through utilizing the absolute time-of-flight information preserved by the transmit-receive synchronization and applying the common delay-sum (DS) beamforming algorithm, PAM axial resolution can be greatly improved in the short-pulse excitation scenario, as with active ultrasound imaging. However, PAM with the absolute time-of-flight information (referred as AtPAM) suffers from low imaging resolution and weak interference suppression when the DS algorithm is applied. PurposeThis study aims to propose an enhanced AtPAM algorithm based on delay-multiply-sum (DMS) beamforming, to address the shortcomings of the DS-based AtPAM algorithm. MethodsIn DMS beamforming, the element signals delayed by the absolute time delays are first processed with a signed square-root operation and then multiplied in pairs and finally summed, the resulting beamformed output is further band-pass filtered. The performances of DS- and DMS-based AtPAMs are compared by experiments, in which an ultrasound diagnostic transducer (a linear array) is employed to passively sense the wire signals generated by an unfocused ultrasound transducer and the cavitation signals generated by a focused therapeutic ultrasound transducer in a flow phantom. The AtPAM image quality is assessed by main-lobe width (MLW), intensity valley value (IVV), area of pixels (AOP), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). ResultsThe single-wire experimental results show that compared to the DS algorithm, the DMS algorithm leads to an enhanced AtPAM image with a decreased transverse MLW of 0.15 mm and an improved SIR and SNR of 31.50 and 18.77 dB. For the four-wire images, the transverse (axial) IVV is decreased by 18.37 dB (13.11 dB) and the SIR (the SNR) is increased by 26.13 dB (18.47 dB) when using the DMS algorithm. The cavitation activity is better highlighted by DMS-based AtPAM, which decreases the AOP by 0.81 mm(2) (-10-dB level) and 4.43 mm(2) (-20-dB level) and increases the SIR and SNR by 20.14 and 10.48 dB respectively. The pixel distributions of AtPAM images of both wires and cavitation activity also indicate a better suppression of the DMS algorithm in sidelobe and noise. ConclusionsThe experimental results illustrate that the DMS algorithm can improve the image quality of AtPAM compared to the DS algorithm. DMS-based AtPAM is beneficial for detecting cavitation activity during short-pulse ultrasound exposure with high resolution, and further for monitoring short-pulse ultrasound therapy.
Keyword ：
absolute time-of-flight information delay-multiply-sum beamforming passive acoustic mapping
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Shukuan , Su, Ruibo , Wan, Chunye et al. Passive acoustic mapping with absolute time-of-flight information and delay-multiply-sum beamforming [J]. | MEDICAL PHYSICS , 2023 . |
| MLA | Lu, Shukuan et al. "Passive acoustic mapping with absolute time-of-flight information and delay-multiply-sum beamforming" . | MEDICAL PHYSICS (2023) . |
| APA | Lu, Shukuan , Su, Ruibo , Wan, Chunye , Guo, Shifang , Wan, Mingxi . Passive acoustic mapping with absolute time-of-flight information and delay-multiply-sum beamforming . | MEDICAL PHYSICS , 2023 . |
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Abstract ：
Purpose Owing to acoustic-pressure dependence, amplitudes of backscattered-echoes of encapsulated microbubbles (MBs) are unavoidably regulated by an uneven acoustic field, resulting in the misestimation of hemodynamics in conventional amplitude-coding dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) with focused pulse transmission. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and performance of Nakagami statistical-feature parametric imaging to recover the above misestimation. Methods Logarithmic Nakagami parameter (m)-coding DCEUS scheme was investigated via simulation and in vitro MB phantoms as well as in vivo kidney-perfusion experiments of four rabbits in the uneven acoustic fields with two different focal depths. In vivo tissue artifacts for m estimation were suppressed by pulse-inversion second-harmonic imaging and its robustness was enhanced by multiscale moment-estimation strategy. Time-Nakagami-m curves and the corresponding perfusion metrics of intensity and volume were calculated from the logarithmic m-coding DCEUS images within the prefocal and focal regions. These curves and metrics were further compared with the perfusion curves and metrics estimated from the conventional amplitude-coding images within the same regions. Results Compared with amplitudes of nonlinear scattering MB echoes, their logarithmic m values were relatively independent of the changes in acoustics pressures. Compared with the fixed-scale moment-estimation, the perfusion intensity estimated from logarithmic m-coding DCEUS scheme using multiscale statistical moment-estimation had smaller differences between the prefocal and focal regions. The differences of perfusion intensity induced by an uneven acoustic field decreased to 3.47% +/- 1.58 %. The differences decreased by the logarithmic m-coding DCEUS scheme were further regulated by threshold values of m estimation. Conclusions The logarithmic m-coding DCEUS scheme could recover the underestimated MB backscattered-echoes and the misestimated perfusion intensity induced by the uneven acoustic field. The scheme had the potential to weaken the limitation of microvasculature identification and hemodynamic characterization marked by MBs within tissues or tumors in the uneven acoustic field.
Keyword ：
contrast-enhanced ultrasound focused acoustic field hemodynamic Nakagami parameter
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Diya , Ma, Quanlong , Wang, Qiao et al. Feasibility investigation of logarithmic Nakagami parametric imaging in recovering underestimated perfusion metrics of DCEUS in the uneven acoustic field [J]. | MEDICAL PHYSICS , 2022 , 49 (4) : 2452-2461 . |
| MLA | Wang, Diya et al. "Feasibility investigation of logarithmic Nakagami parametric imaging in recovering underestimated perfusion metrics of DCEUS in the uneven acoustic field" . | MEDICAL PHYSICS 49 . 4 (2022) : 2452-2461 . |
| APA | Wang, Diya , Ma, Quanlong , Wang, Qiao , Fan, Yan , Lu, Shukuan , Su, Qiang et al. Feasibility investigation of logarithmic Nakagami parametric imaging in recovering underestimated perfusion metrics of DCEUS in the uneven acoustic field . | MEDICAL PHYSICS , 2022 , 49 (4) , 2452-2461 . |
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Abstract ：
Background: Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted considerable attention for cancer treatment as it is highly controllable and minimally invasive. Various multifunctional nano-systems have been fabricated in an "all-in-one" form to guide and enhance PTT by integrating imaging and therapeutic functions. However, the complex fabrication of nanosystems and their high cost limit its clinical translation. Materials and Methods: Herein, a high efficient "one-for-all" nanodroplet with a simple composition but owning multiple capabilities was developed to achieve ultrasound (US) imaging-guided and cavitation-enhanced PTT. Perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplet with a polypyrrole (PPy) shell (PFP@PPy nanodroplet) was synthesized via ultrasonic emulsification and in situ oxidative polymerization. After characterization of the morphology, its photothermal effect, phase transition performance, as well as its capabilities of enhancing US imaging and acoustic cavitation were examined. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of the combined therapy with PTT and acoustic cavitation via the PFP@PPy nanodroplets was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The nanodroplets exhibited good stability, high biocompatibility, broad optical absorption over the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range, excellent photothermal conversion with an efficiency of 60.1% and activatable liquid-gas phase transition performance. Upon NIR laser and US irradiation, the phase transition of PFP cores into microbubbles significantly enhanced US imaging and acoustic cavitation both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the acoustic cavitation enhanced significantly the antitumor efficacy of PTT as compared to PTT alone thanks to the cavitation-mediated cell destruction, which demonstrated a substantial increase in cell detachment, 81.1% cell death in vitro and 99.5% tumor inhibition in vivo. Conclusion: The PFP@PPy nanodroplet as a "one-for-all" theranostic agent achieved highly efficient US imaging-guided and cavitation-enhanced cancer therapy, and has considerable potential to provide cancer theranostics in the future.
Keyword ：
acoustic cavitation one-for-all nanodroplet photothermal therapy theranostics ultrasound imaging
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| GB/T 7714 | Qin, Dui , Zhang, Lei , Zhu, Hongrui et al. A Highly Efficient One-for-All Nanodroplet for Ultrasound Imaging-Guided and Cavitation-Enhanced Photothermal Therapy [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE , 2021 , 16 : 3105-3119 . |
| MLA | Qin, Dui et al. "A Highly Efficient One-for-All Nanodroplet for Ultrasound Imaging-Guided and Cavitation-Enhanced Photothermal Therapy" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 16 (2021) : 3105-3119 . |
| APA | Qin, Dui , Zhang, Lei , Zhu, Hongrui , Chen, Junjie , Wu, Daocheng , Bouakaz, Ayache et al. A Highly Efficient One-for-All Nanodroplet for Ultrasound Imaging-Guided and Cavitation-Enhanced Photothermal Therapy . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE , 2021 , 16 , 3105-3119 . |
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Abstract ：
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been widely used in tumor ablation in clinical settings. Meanwhile, there is great potential to increase the therapeutic efficiency of temporary cavitation due to enhanced thermal effects and combined mechanical effects from nonlinear vibration and collapse of the microbubbles. In this study, dual-frequency (1.1 and 5 MHz) HIFU was used to produce acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) microbubbles from activatable perfluoropentane-loaded polymer nanoparticles (PFP@Polymer NPs), which increased the therapeutic outcome of the HIFU and helped realize tumor theranostics with ultrasound contrast imaging. Combined with PFP@Polymer NPs, dual-frequency HIFU changed the shape of the damage lesion and reduced the acoustic intensity threshold of thermal damage significantly, from 216.86 to 62.38 W/cm(2). It produced a nearly 20 & DEG;C temperature increase in half the irradiation time and exhibited a higher tumor inhibition rate (84.5% & PLUSMN; 3.4%) at a low acoustic intensity (1.1 MHz: 23.77 W/cm(2); 5 MHz: 0.35 W/cm(2)) in vitro than the single-frequency HIFU (60.2% & PLUSMN; 11.9%). Moreover, compared with the traditional PFP@BSA NDs, PFP@Polymer NPs showed higher anti-tumor efficacy (81.13% vs. 69.34%; * p < 0.05) and better contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging ability (gray value of 57.53 vs. 30.67; **** p < 0.0001), probably benefitting from its uniform and stable structure. It showed potential as a highly efficient tumor theranostics approach based on dual-frequency HIFU and activatable PFP@Polymer NPs.
Keyword ：
cavitation dual frequency high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) perfluoropentane-loaded polymer nanoparticle (PFP@Polymer NP) theranostics
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Junjie , Nan, Zhezhu , Zhao, Yubo et al. Enhanced HIFU Theranostics with Dual-Frequency-Ring Focused Ultrasound and Activatable Perfluoropentane-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles [J]. | MICROMACHINES , 2021 , 12 (11) . |
| MLA | Chen, Junjie et al. "Enhanced HIFU Theranostics with Dual-Frequency-Ring Focused Ultrasound and Activatable Perfluoropentane-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles" . | MICROMACHINES 12 . 11 (2021) . |
| APA | Chen, Junjie , Nan, Zhezhu , Zhao, Yubo , Zhang, Lei , Zhu, Hongrui , Wu, Daocheng et al. Enhanced HIFU Theranostics with Dual-Frequency-Ring Focused Ultrasound and Activatable Perfluoropentane-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles . | MICROMACHINES , 2021 , 12 (11) . |
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Abstract ：
Targeted delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles to brain tumors is exceptionally difficult due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, several chemotherapeutic drugs induce autophagy, which protects the cells from apoptosis and mitigates the therapeutic effect. A novel "all-in-one" nanoparticles (AMPTL) consisting of endogenous reactive oxygen species-cleavable thioketal linkers conjugated to paclitaxel (PTX) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and angiopep-2 peptide-modified DSPE-PEG(2K) is developed. AMPTL inhibits autophagy in the C6 glioma cells, as indicated by fewer autophagic vesicles, lower LC3-II expression and accumulation of SQSTM1/P62, and significantly upregulates p53 and the pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. In addition, AMPTL treatment induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Thus, inhibition of autophagy in the AMPTL-treated glioma cells sensitizes them to PTX-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, focused pulse ultrasound and microbubbles enhances the delivery of AMPTL to intracranial glioma tissues by reversibly opening the BBB, which significantly inhibits xenograft growth and markedly improves survival rates of the tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, combining non-invasive BBB opening with autophagy inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs can achieve cascade-amplifying synergistic therapeutic effects against glioma.
Keyword ：
autophagy inhibition blood brain barrier endogenous ROS responsive smart nanoparticles
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Pengying , Zhu, Mingting , Li, Yan et al. Cascade-Amplifying Synergistic Therapy for Intracranial Glioma via Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered "All-in-One" Nanoplatform [J]. | ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS , 2021 , 31 (46) . |
| MLA | Wu, Pengying et al. "Cascade-Amplifying Synergistic Therapy for Intracranial Glioma via Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered "All-in-One" Nanoplatform" . | ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 31 . 46 (2021) . |
| APA | Wu, Pengying , Zhu, Mingting , Li, Yan , Ya, Zhen , Yang, Yabo , Yuan, Yuchen et al. Cascade-Amplifying Synergistic Therapy for Intracranial Glioma via Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered "All-in-One" Nanoplatform . | ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS , 2021 , 31 (46) . |
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Abstract ：
Background: Ultrasound is ideal for displaying intracranial great vessels but not intracranial microvessels and terminal vessels. Even with contrast agents, the imaging effect is still unsatisfactory. In recent years, significant theoretical advances have been achieved in super-resolution imaging. The latest commonly used ultrafast plane-wave ultrasound Doppler imaging of the brain and microbubble-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging have been applied to the imaging of cerebral microvessels and blood flow in small animals such as mice but have not been applied to in vivo imaging of the cerebral microvessels in monkeys and larger animals. In China, preliminary research results have been obtained using super-resolution imaging in certain fields but rarely in fundamental and clinical experiments on large animals. In recent years, we have conducted a joint study with the Xi'an Jiaotong University to explore the application and performance of this new technique in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases in large animals.Objective: To explore the characteristics and advantages of microbubble-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging of intracranial vessels in rhesus monkeys compared with conventional transcranial ultrasound.Methods: First, the effectiveness and feasibility of the super-resolution imaging technique were verified by modular simulation experiments. Then, the imaging parameters were adjusted based on in vitro experiments. Finally, two rhesus monkeys were used for in vivo experiments of intracranial microvessel imaging.Results: Compared with conventional plane-wave imaging, super-resolution imaging could measure the inner diameters of cerebral microvessels at a resolution of 1 mm or even 0.7 mm and extract blood flow information. In addition, it has a better signal-to-noise ratio (5.625 dB higher) and higher resolution (~30-fold higher). The results of the experiments with rhesus monkeys showed that microbubble-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging can achieve an optimal resolution at the micron level and an imaging depth >35 mm.Conclusion: Super-resolution imaging can realize the monitoring imaging of high-resolution and fast calculation of microbubbles in the process of tissue damage, providing an important experimental basis for the clinical application of non-invasive transcranial ultrasound.
Keyword ：
cerebral vessel microbubbles monkey super-resolution imaging ultrasound
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Li , Bai, Chen , Zheng, Yu et al. Study on the Application of Super-Resolution Ultrasound for Cerebral Vessel Imaging in Rhesus Monkeys [J]. | FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY , 2021 , 12 . |
| MLA | Yan, Li et al. "Study on the Application of Super-Resolution Ultrasound for Cerebral Vessel Imaging in Rhesus Monkeys" . | FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY 12 (2021) . |
| APA | Yan, Li , Bai, Chen , Zheng, Yu , Zhou, Xiaodong , Wan, Mingxi , Zong, Yujin et al. Study on the Application of Super-Resolution Ultrasound for Cerebral Vessel Imaging in Rhesus Monkeys . | FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY , 2021 , 12 . |
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Abstract ：
Ultrasound-induced cavitation in the viscoelastic biological tissues has attracted considerable attention due to its mechanical bio-effects, such as cell sonoporation, hemolysis, vascular disruption and tissue erosion. Cavitation can exert strong mechanical stresses on the surrounding tissues during the rapid bubble growth and collapse. The occurrence of cavitation needs the ultrasound exposure exceeding a certain acoustic pressure threshold, and the cavitation threshold is very high in most tissues, probably causing undesirable side-effects. Introducing artificial cavitation nuclei, e.g., microbubbles and nanodroplets stabilized with a shell such as albumin, lipids or polymers, into the targeted region can effectively reduce the cavitation threshold and significantly enhance the cavitation effects. However, neither the cavitation dynamics of an encapsulated microbubble nor the cavitation-induced stress field around the bubble in a soft tissue is quite clear. In this study, a comprehensive numerical model is developed to describe the dynamics of a lipid-shelled microbubble in vivo and quantify the cavitation-induced mechanical stress in the tissue. Considering the nonlinear changes of both shell viscosity and elasticity, a Gilmore model that has been considered as the most developed and realistic cavitation model is coupled with the Zener viscoelastic model for precisely describing tissue viscoelastic behavior with both creep recovery and stress relaxation of tissue. The developed model has an advantage of accurately describing the bubble behaviors in different biological tissues at high ultrasound intensities, especially for the bubble collapse. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal evolution of mechanical stress in the surrounding tissue generated by the cavitation bubble is investigated. Finally, the effects of encapsulated shell, elasticity modulus and viscosity of tissue as well as ultrasound amplitude are examined. The results show that the viscoelasticity of encapsulated shell and tissue both inhibit the bubble oscillations, and the tissue viscoelasticity has a larger inhibition effect. During the bubble oscillation, the compressive (negative) stress is generated in the tissue with the bubble growing and it continuously increases until it reaches a maximum value at a maximum radius, while the tensile (positive) stress is generated at the stage of bubble collapse and initial stage of bubble rebound due to the restoration of deformed tissue. The stress magnitude is greatest near the bubble wall and decreases rapidly with depth extending into the surrounding tissue. By contrast, the tensile stress decreases at a higher rate than the compressive stress. The encapsulated bubble presents a smaller stress in the tissue, but the decrease of the stress can be ignored at large acoustic pressures. Moreover, the stress decreases with the increase of tissue elasticity modulus, whereas it first increases and then decreases with tissue viscosity increasing, showing a maximum at 15 mPa.s. The increasing of the ultrasound amplitude enhances the bubble oscillations and consequently increases the stress in the tissue. This study is helpful in understanding the bubble dynamics and cavitation-induced mechanical stress of an encapsulated microbubble in soft tissue, which is essential for a safe and precise ultrasound therapy.
Keyword ：
acoustic cavitation in soft tissue bubble dynamics encapsulated microbubble mechanical effect of cavitation
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| GB/T 7714 | Qin Dui , Zou Qing-Qin , Zhang-Yong et al. Acoustic cavitation of encapsulated microbubble and its mechanical effect in soft tissue [J]. | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA , 2021 , 70 (15) . |
| MLA | Qin Dui et al. "Acoustic cavitation of encapsulated microbubble and its mechanical effect in soft tissue" . | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA 70 . 15 (2021) . |
| APA | Qin Dui , Zou Qing-Qin , Zhang-Yong , Wang Wei , Wan Ming-Xi , Feng Yi . Acoustic cavitation of encapsulated microbubble and its mechanical effect in soft tissue . | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA , 2021 , 70 (15) . |
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Abstract ：
In a previous study, the vertical glottal duct length was examined for its influence on intraglottal pressures and other aerodynamic parameters in the uniform glottis [J Voice 32, 8-22 (2018)]. This study extends that work for convergent glottal angles, the shape of the glottis during the glottal opening phase of vocal fold vibration. The computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS Fluent 6.3 was used to obtain the pressure distributions and other aerodynamic parameters for laminar, incompressible, two-dimensional flow in a static vocal fold model. Four typical vertical glottal duct lengths (0.108, 0.308, 0.608, 0.908 cm) were selected for three minimal diameters (0.01, 0.04, 0.16 cm), three transglottal pressures (500, 1000, 1500 Pa), and three convergent glottal angles (-5 degrees, -10 degrees, -20 degrees). The results suggest that a longer vertical glottal duct length increases the intraglottal pressures, decreases the glottal entrance loss coefficient, increases the transglottal pressure coefficient, causes a lower gradient of both the intraglottal flow velocity and the wall shear stress along the glottal wall-especially for low flows and small glottal minimal diameters-and has little effect on the exit pressure coefficient and volume flow. The vertical glottal duct length in the convergent glottis has important effects on phonation and should be well specified when building computational and physical models of the vocal folds.
Keyword ：
convergent glottal angle intraglottal pressure vertical glottal duct length vocal fold geometry
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Sheng , Scherer, Ronald C. , Wan, Mingxi . Effects of Vertical Glottal Duct Length on Intraglottal Pressures in the Convergent Glottis [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2021 , 11 (10) . |
| MLA | Li, Sheng et al. "Effects of Vertical Glottal Duct Length on Intraglottal Pressures in the Convergent Glottis" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 11 . 10 (2021) . |
| APA | Li, Sheng , Scherer, Ronald C. , Wan, Mingxi . Effects of Vertical Glottal Duct Length on Intraglottal Pressures in the Convergent Glottis . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2021 , 11 (10) . |
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Abstract ：
Measurement of mucosal wave velocity on the vocal fold surface is important and useful in investigation of vocal fold tissue mechanics and diagnosis of vocal fold diseases. In this work, Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV was used to measure the vibration of the superior surface of the vocal fold, finally reconstructing the shape variation of the superior surface and estimating the mucosal wave velocity through the electroglottography-based time-domain synchronization. In the experiment of excised canine vocal fold vibration, the mucosal wave velocities estimated using LDV were compared equally to those measured by high-speed video. Additionally, the method is able to capture the shape changing of the superior surface in high time resolution. However, because of the limit in single point measurement and time synchronization, the vocal fold vibration should be stable during the measurement to reduce the measurement error. © 2020 Acta Acustica.
Keyword ：
Acoustic wave velocity Classifiers Diagnosis Doppler effect High speed cameras Laser Doppler velocimeters Speech Wave propagation
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Liang , Chigan, Pengju , Wang, Supin et al. Measurement of mucosal wave velocity on the superior surface of vocal fold using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer [J]. | Acta Acustica , 2020 , 45 (1) : 124-130 . |
| MLA | Wu, Liang et al. "Measurement of mucosal wave velocity on the superior surface of vocal fold using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer" . | Acta Acustica 45 . 1 (2020) : 124-130 . |
| APA | Wu, Liang , Chigan, Pengju , Wang, Supin , Wan, Mingxi . Measurement of mucosal wave velocity on the superior surface of vocal fold using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer . | Acta Acustica , 2020 , 45 (1) , 124-130 . |
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Abstract ：
Background, Motivation and Objectives: The distribution of echoes from simulated and in vitro nonlinear scattering microbubbles obeys the Nakagami (NK) model, of which shape parameter (m) has the potential to suppress the artifacts from systems and operators in echo amplitude-coding contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) (Med. Phys. 2019, 46: 5467-5477). However, the feasibility of m estimation in in vivo CEUS is still controversial and its sensitivity and discriminability are limited, since raw envelopes are regulated by complex radiofrequency (RF) and video-frequency (VF) processing. This study aimed to illustrate this regulation mechanism and overcome these limitations. Statement of Contribution/Methods: The regulation mechanism of eight harmonic detection techniques and logarithmic compression on NK distributions was investigated in both B and pulse-inversion (PI) modes. A window-modulated compounding moment estimator (WMCME) was developed to estimate the CEUS m values. Sensitivity and discriminability of m-coding CEUS were respectively quantified by m-contrast-to-tissue ratio (mCTR), m-contrast-to-noise ratio (mCNR), and -2 dB half-lengths of axial and lateral autocorrelation functions, which were validated via in vivo perfusion experiments of rabbit kidneys. Results, Discussion and Conclusions: Regulated by the RFVF processing, the distributions of CEUS also obeyed the NK model, of which NK-fitted correlation coefficient was .99pm 0.01 (p © 2020 IEEE.
Keyword ：
Computational complexity Frequency estimation Ultrasonic applications
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Diya , Wan, Mingxi , DIederich, Chris J . Nakagami-m parametric characterization of contrast-enhanced ultrasound: In vivo validations [C] . 2020 . |
| MLA | Wang, Diya et al. "Nakagami-m parametric characterization of contrast-enhanced ultrasound: In vivo validations" . (2020) . |
| APA | Wang, Diya , Wan, Mingxi , DIederich, Chris J . Nakagami-m parametric characterization of contrast-enhanced ultrasound: In vivo validations . (2020) . |
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