The　laminar　flow　technology　is　the　core　technology　for　the　future　development　of　＇green　aviation＇,　and　its　huge　drag　reduction　potential　makes　it　a　research　hotspot　in　the　aviation　field.　This　article　starts　from　the　physical　characteristics　of　flow　and　the　nature　of　transition　phenomena　of　jet　airliners,　and　expounds　the　realization　principle　and　application　scope　of　the　NLF　and　HLFC　technology.　The　global　research　status　and　development　trend　of　the　NLF/HLFC　technology　are　reviewed.　Focusing　on　the　cutting-edge　issues　of　the　CFD-based　laminar　flow　wing　design　technology,　we　systematically　discuss　the　laminar　flow　from　multiple　levels　of　engineering　application-oriented　transition　prediction　methods,　gradient-free/gradient-based　optimization　methods,　uncertainty　analysis　and　the　robust　optimization　method.　Meanwhile,　the　similarities　and　differences　between　the　laminar　flow　wing　aerodynamic　design　and　full　turbulent　aerodynamic　design　are　discussed,　and　the　aerodynamic　design　theories　of　the　NLF　and　HLFC　wing　are　then　sorted　out.　Finally,　based　on　the　development　trend　of　the　jet　airliner　technology,　the　problems　faced　by　the　laminar　flow　design　technology　are　summarized,　and　the　future　development　direction　and　suggestions　for　the　aerodynamic　optimization　design　technology　of　laminar　flow　wings　are　presented.　©　2022　AAAS　Press　of　Chinese　Society　of　Aeronautics　and　Astronautics.　All　rights　reserved.