Advanced　titanium　based　bone　implant　with　fast　established,　rigid　and　stable　osseointegration　is　stringently　needed　in　clinic.　Here　the　hierarchical　micropore/nanorod-patterned　strontium　doped　hydroxyapatite　(Ca9Sr1(PO4)(6)(OH)(2),　Sr-1-HA)　coatings　(MNRs)　with　different　interrod　spacings　varying　from　about　300　to　33　nm　were　developed.　MNRs　showed　dramatically　differential　biological　performance　closely　related　to　the　interrod　spacing.　Compared　to　micropore/nanogranule-patterned　Sr-1-HA　coating　(MNG),　MNRs　with　an　interrod　spacing　of　larger　than　137　nm　resulted　in　inhibited　in　vitro　mesenchymal　stem　cell　functions　and　in　vivo　osseointegration,　while　those　of　smaller　than　96　nm　gave　rise　to　dramatically　enhanced　the　biological　effect,　especially　those　of　mean　67　nm　displayed　the　best　effect.　The　differential　biological　effect　of　MNRs　was　related　to　their　modulation　on　the　focal　adhesion　mediated　mechanotransduction.　These　results　suggest　that　MNRs　with　a　mean　interrod　spacing　of　67　nm　may　give　rise　to　an　advanced　implant　of　improved　clinical　performance.　(C)　2016　Elsevier　Inc.　All　rights　reserved.